Wednesday, April 27, 2016

Simple Cap Sense Example for PIC 12F1840 in XC8

My wife wanted a simple touch switch battery powered sconce light... sounded like a great fit for a PIC 12F1840... small 8 pin microcontroller with a built in CSM (Cap Sense Module) also sometimes referred to as a CPS module. Attempting to research this was incredibly frustrating! There is just no SIMPLE example out there in either assembler or C! Everywhere I looked was only examples of using the mTouch library, which although a nice library is just far too much over-kill for my needs. Other research from forums suggested that the peripheral is just too complex and tweeky to be of much use. So off on my own... I dug into the manuals and put this simple example of using the CSM module on a PIC12F1840 (and probably the 12F1822 as well) written in XC8 free edition. Here it is in operation.

The PIC12F1840 CSM module is simply an R/C oscillator feeding a frequency counter! You select one of the four available pins as the capacitor input pin for the oscillator, setup timer 0 as the frequency counter time base, and timer 1 as the counter to count the R/C oscillator. The time base (Timer 0) is set to interrupt the PIC at specific intervals and it also gates the R/C pulses going to Timer 1. That interval should be long enough to capture a large count in Timer 1 from the R/C oscillator. The system clock is configured for internal 4MHz and Timer 0 is configured for a prescaling of 256. This gives a count of around 33,000 in Timer 1 (16 bit counter) or about half way through. So for every time interval of Timer 0 interrupting the PIC, Timer 1 will have a count of about 33,000 in it. Now in the interrupt routine you just read Timer 1 into a global variable, reset Timer 1 to zero, and re-enable interrupts for the next read. In the main body of code you just loop and watch the Timer 1 value stored in the global variable (touch in my case) and act on that value when it changes. Simple! If there is any change in the R/C oscillator's cap sense pin (like a finger, or other larger object), that will change the capacitance on that pin and shift the oscillator down ... Timer 1 will reflect that with a smaller count. Now just have your code watch for the change to a smaller count and you have a touch switch.

Here are the XC8 files out of the MPLABX IDE:

/***********************************/
/* Simple PIC 12F1840 Touch Switch Example */
/* main.c - Tim Stoddard, 2016  */
/***********************************/

#include <xc.h>         /* XC8 General Include File */
#include <stdint.h>        /* For uint8_t definition */
#include <stdbool.h>       /* For true/false definition */

#include "system.h"        /* System funct/params, like osc/peripheral config */
#include "user.h"          /* User funct/params, such as InitApp */

/***********************************/
/* User Global Variable Declaration */
/***********************************/

/* i.e. uint8_t <variable_name>; */

/***********************************/
/* Main Program  */
/***********************************/
void main(void)
{
    /* Configure the oscillator for the device */
    ConfigureOscillator();

    /* Initialize I/O and Peripherals for application */
    InitApp();

   /* Flash the LAMP a few times */
    for(i=0;i<5;i++){
        LAMP=1;
        __delay_ms(50);
        LAMP=0;
        __delay_ms(200);
    }
    /* grab the latest count from Timer 1 (touch), subtract a threshold amount,
        and save it (touch_cal) */
    touch_cal=touch-1000;

    /* MAIN LOOP */
    while(1)
    {
        if(touch<touch_cal){// sensor is touched
            LAMP=1;// turn it on
        }else{// otherwise ...
            LAMP=0;// turn it off
        }
    }

}


/***********************************/
/* user.c */
/***********************************/

#include <xc.h>         /* XC8 General Include File */
#include <stdint.h>         /* For uint8_t definition */
#include <stdbool.h>        /* For true/false definition */

#include "user.h"
/***********************************/
/* User Functions */
/***********************************/

void InitApp(void)
{
    /* Setup analog functionality and port direction */
       TRISA = 0b00111011; // RA2 is output
       ANSA4=1;
    /* Initialize peripherals */
       CM1CON1=0;
       CPSCON0bits.CPSRM=0;// 1=variable voltage ref, 0=fixed
       CPSCON0bits.CPSRNG=0b11;// high current
       CPSCON0bits.CPSON=1;
       CPSCON1bits.CPSCH=0b11;//CPS3 selected
       //Timer 0 is the time base for CPS
       TMR0CS=0;//Timer 0 used as time base for CPS select Fosc/4
       OPTION_REGbits.PS=0b111;
       OPTION_REGbits.PSA=0;
       // Timer 1 is the freq counter for CPS
       T1CON=0b11000101; // TMR1 capacitive sensing osc, prescaler 1/1, dedicated osc disabled,no synch,timer1 enabled
       T1GSEL=0b01;// set timer 1 gate for TMR0 overflow
    /* Enable interrupts */
       TMR0IE=1;// enable TMR0 interrupts
       PEIE=1;//enable Peripheral interrupts
       GIE=1;// enable global interrupts
}


/***********************************/
/*interrupts.c */
/***********************************/

#include <xc.h>         /* XC8 General Include File */
#include <stdint.h>         /* For uint8_t definition */
#include <stdbool.h>        /* For true/false definition */
#include "user.h"
/***********************************/
/* Interrupt Routines */
/***********************************/

#ifndef _PIC12

void interrupt isr(void)
{
 #if 1

    GIE=0;// disable all interrupts

    if(T0IF) // Timer 0 interrupt?
    {
        TMR1ON=0;// turn off timer 1
        touch=TMR1L+(unsigned int)(TMR1H << 8);// read timer 1
        TMR1H=0;// clear timer 1
        TMR1L=0;
        TMR1ON=1;// enable timer 1
        T0IF=0;
    }else{
        /* Unhandled interrupts */
    }
    GIE=1;// enable all interrupts

#endif

}
#endif


/***********************************/
/* user.h */
/***********************************/
#define _XTAL_FREQ  4000000

#define LAMP RA2

void InitApp(void);         /* I/O and Peripheral Initialization */

/* declare variables */
unsigned int touch;
unsigned int touch_cal;
unsigned int i;


/***********************************/
/* configuration_bits.c */
/***********************************/

#if defined(__XC)
    #include <xc.h>         /* XC8 General Include File */
#elif defined(HI_TECH_C)
    #include <htc.h>        /* HiTech General Include File */
#endif


// CONFIG1
#pragma config FOSC = INTOSC    // Oscillator Selection (INTOSC oscillator: I/O function on CLKIN pin)
#pragma config WDTE = OFF       // Watchdog Timer Enable (WDT disabled)
#pragma config PWRTE = OFF      // Power-up Timer Enable (PWRT disabled)
#pragma config MCLRE = ON       // MCLR Pin Function Select (MCLR/VPP pin function is MCLR)
#pragma config CP = OFF         // Flash Program Memory Code Protection (Program memory code protection is disabled)
#pragma config CPD = OFF        // Data Memory Code Protection (Data memory code protection is disabled)
#pragma config BOREN = ON       // Brown-out Reset Enable (Brown-out Reset enabled)
#pragma config CLKOUTEN = OFF   // Clock Out Enable (CLKOUT function is disabled. I/O or oscillator function on the CLKOUT pin)
#pragma config IESO = ON        // Internal/External Switchover (Internal/External Switchover mode is enabled)
#pragma config FCMEN = ON       // Fail-Safe Clock Monitor Enable (Fail-Safe Clock Monitor is enabled)

// CONFIG2
#pragma config WRT = OFF        // Flash Memory Self-Write Protection (Write protection off)
#pragma config PLLEN = ON       // PLL Enable (4x PLL enabled)
#pragma config STVREN = ON      // Stack Overflow/Underflow Reset Enable (Stack Overflow or Underflow will cause a Reset)
#pragma config BORV = LO        // Brown-out Reset Voltage Selection (Brown-out Reset Voltage (Vbor), low trip point selected.)
#pragma config LVP = ON         // Low-Voltage Programming Enable (Low-voltage programming enabled)

/***********************************/
/* system.c */
/***********************************/

#include <xc.h>         /* XC8 General Include File */
#include <stdint.h>        /* For uint8_t definition */
#include <stdbool.h>       /* For true/false definition */

#include "system.h"

void ConfigureOscillator(void)
{
    while (!HFIOFS) continue;// wait for stable osc

#if 0

    OSCCAL=_READ_OSCCAL_DATA(); /* _READ_OSCCAL_DATA macro unloads cal memory */

#endif
}

/***********************************/
/* system.h */
/***********************************/

/* TODO Define system operating frequency */

/* Microcontroller MIPs (FCY) */
#define SYS_FREQ        4000000L
#define FCY             SYS_FREQ/4

/***********************************/
/* System Function Prototypes */
/***********************************/

void ConfigureOscillator(void); /* Handles clock switching/osc initialization */

7 comments:

  1. Thanks for posting your project and the code. Just tried an experiment following your example for a PIC12F1840 and it works a treat!

    ReplyDelete
  2. Sir can you plz share circuit as well. Thanks for the tutorial.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Just very basic circuit... in the code you can see RA2 used as the LED output and CPS3 as the cap sense pin... no other parts used other than a current limiting resistor for the LED

      Delete
  3. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  4. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Link to the MPLABX files is right after the code list now...

      Delete